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- <text id=92TT2912>
- <title>
- Dec. 28, 1992: The Dilemma of Disarmament
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Dec. 28, 1992 What Does Science Tell Us About God?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SOMALIA, Page 22
- The Dilemma of Disarmament
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Raymond Bonner/Mogadishu
- </p>
- <p>Raymond Bonner, a journalist who writes frequently about
- foreign policy, has been living in Africa for the past four
- years.
- </p>
- <p> For the Somali man, says U.S. Special Envoy Robert Oakley,
- three things are important: "his camel, his wife and his weapon.
- The right to bear arms is in their soul." That is a stereotyped
- and simplistic view but with an element of truth. In Somalia's
- nomadic culture, a weapon has always been essential to defend
- against unknown enemies in the vast desert. Oakley believes that
- if American soldiers began confiscating weapons, they would
- quickly become the enemy.
- </p>
- <p> The disarmament issue presents a central dilemma for the
- U.S. If the rifles and grenades and artillery pieces are not
- stripped from the land, the streets will again become corridors
- of death as soon as the Marines leave. Already unintimidated
- armed thugs are resurfacing in many areas. There is a risk that
- Operation Restore Hope could become a shallow exercise and an
- expensive overdeployment of men and materiel.
- </p>
- <p> What makes officials like Oakley reluctant to engage in
- wholesale disarmament is the ghosts of Lebanon. "In Beirut the
- people responsible for the policy didn't understand the
- political situation," he said. "They didn't realize that in
- doing what we did, we became a combatant." When a narrowly
- defined military role conflicted with political demands, the
- Marines came to be seen as everyone's enemy, which led to the
- 1983 bombing in Beirut that killed 241 servicemen.
- </p>
- <p> In Somalia, U.S. officials fear their troops could be cast
- into the same untenable position. U.N. Secretary-General
- Boutros Boutros-Ghali has been leading a campaign to turn the
- humanitarian mission into a more problematic operation to
- rebuild the Somali nation. Step 1 is disarming a populace so
- heavily armed that no one can even begin to figure the size of
- the arsenal. But the Bush Administration remains unwilling to
- take on a task that could put U.S. troops in the middle, making
- the Marines the target of anyone who refuses to give up his gun.
- </p>
- <p> For now, Administration officials say they are encouraging
- disarmament, but not imposing it. But if a political decision
- were made to collect all the weapons, it would be fairly easy
- to accomplish. The Somali clans do not have trained soldiers,
- like the Serb militias in Bosnia. Most of those toting guns here
- are youths, some not so big as the rifles they carry. They are
- not fighting for any cause, not for communism or Islam, not for
- freedom or democracy. They appear mainly interested in spoils.
- When the Marines landed, they fled, and it is unlikely that they
- would fight if the troops started seizing their weapons.
- </p>
- <p> Nonetheless, a campaign to disarm Somalis could create
- hostility. "If we were obliged to go on a house-to-house search--which we wouldn't do anyway," said Oakley, "the Somalis would
- see it as rank colonialism." Still some Somali leaders discount a
- major backlash because, they say, the people are sick and tired
- of the violence.
- </p>
- <p> Only the U.S. could even attempt the job of disarmament.
- The French and Italian troops would never have the trust of the
- Somalis, given their colonial histories in the region. The U.N.
- is even more despised. In the eyes of most Somalis, U.N. aid
- programs helped sustain the dictatorial government of Mohammed
- Siad Barre, who was deposed in January 1991. Then, as the
- country slid into civil war, the U.N. declined to act. As
- anarchy and starvation accelerated, the U.N. agencies were
- conspicuously absent.
- </p>
- <p> Only an "outside authority" can disarm Somalia, says
- 56-year-old Ahmed Jama, a former Somali national police chief.
- "We are unable--or unwilling--to disarm ourselves. The best
- authority, which has the goodwill of the Somali people, is the
- American soldiers." He thinks it would take four to six months
- for "total disarmament." If the U.S. proves unwilling to
- undertake this part of its mission, then the result will be like
- the end of the Gulf War--a job half done.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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